IEC 60068：環境試驗國際標準系列

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國際標準 IEC 60068 系列「環境試驗」(IEC 60068, Environmental testing)係由國際電工委員會 (IEC) 第 50 技術委員會 (IEC/TC50) 負責擬訂工作，主要是在於制訂各種環境試驗方法與程序。IEC 60068 包括一系列的環境試驗方法及其適切的嚴厲度，並且說明為了評價試件在預期運輸、儲存及所有操作使用等方面之環境適應性能力，執行所需的各種量測與試驗時之大氣條件。

根據 IEC 所發行國際標準的定義，早期的應用挶限於電工裝備，適用於包括電子零件及裝備在內的任何電氣產品；後來 IEC 為了配合 ISO 關於技術性國際標準之制定。因此，此一國際標準系列適用之產品種類範圍已擴充至包括電子、電機、及機電裝備之系統、分總成及其構成零件和組件。

IEC 60068 標準之目的在於針對準備產品規範的人員和從事產品試驗的人員，提供一系列具有一致性及可再生的環境（主要為氣候與機械強健性）試驗方法，以及量測與試驗之標準大氣條件。它是為了對於上述產品生命週期中的儲存、搬運以及使用等過程所遭遇的各種環境條件下，對產品的環境耐久性做評價的一種標準試驗程序；它是由下述的一系列試驗方法所構成的。這些試驗方法乃根據適切的國際性工程經驗與判斷，主要是設計作為提供有關試件下列特性的資訊：(a) 在溫度、壓力、溼度、機械應力或其他環境，以及某些組合環境等環境條件規定容差界限內的操作能力；(b) 抵抗運輸與儲存環境條件的能力。

IEC 60068 原由 IEC/TC 50 技術委員會負責，1997 年 IEC/TC 50  與負責制定 IEC 60721 的 IEC/TC 75 合併成為 IEC/TC 104 技術委員會。

國際標準 IEC 60068 環境試驗系列的各項國際標準，在架構上 IEC 60068 系列由 5 個單元所構成的，概述如下：

• IEC 60068-1，第 1 部：概論與指引 (Part 1: General and guidance)
• 第 1 部包括有關大氣條件量測與試驗之資料，討論一般性問題並提供一般指引資料；說明評估在儲運及操作使用條件下驗證電氣產品耐環境能力時，設定的環境試驗方法及嚴厲程度系列中的基本事項通則。
• IEC 60068-2，第 2 部：試驗方法 (Part 2: Tests)
• 第 2 部為一套另外獨立發行的小冊子，每一冊討論系列試驗、或單一種特定試驗、或這些試驗之應用指南；對於各種不同的個別環境試驗方法加以詳細規定的文件，各個試驗方法乃按英文字母之先後順序分類，並個別出版。
• IEC 60068-3，第 3 部：背景資料 (Part 3: Background information)
• 第 3 部為一套另外獨立發行的小冊子，每一冊討論系列試驗之背景資訊。
• IEC 60068-4，第 4 部：規範撰寫者資料－試驗摘要 (Part 4: Information for specification writers - test summaries)
• 第 4 部提供規範撰寫者所需之資訊，分兩章出版，其中第 2 章為散裝形式，包括現行 IEC 60068-2 中所有試驗之摘要。
• IEC 60068-5，第 5 部：試驗方法草擬指南 (Part 5: Guidance to drafting of test method)
• 第 5 部為草擬試驗方法的指南，目前已發行的有兩個分部，第 1 分部為一般原則(General principles)，第 2 分部為名詞與定義 (Terms and definitions)。
• IEC 60068 最早 (60 年代) 的名稱為《電子元件與電子設備環境試驗基本程序》(Basic environmental testing procedures for electronic components and electronic equipment)，80 年代改名為《環境試驗基本程序》(Basic environmental testing procedures)，目前稱為《環境試驗》(Environmental testing)。
  

IEC ˊ60068 環境試驗國際標準清單 (2016 年 6 月上網查證)：

• IEC 60068-1:2013 (ed7.0), Environmental testing - Part 1: General and guidance
• IEC 60068-2-1:2007, Environmental testing - Part 2-1: Tests - Test A: Cold
• IEC 60068-2-2:2007 (ed5.0), Environmental testing - Part 2-2: Tests - Test B: Dry heat
• IEC 60068-2-3:1969 (ed3.0), Basic environmental testing procedures - Part 2-3: Test Ca: Damp heat, steady state (已撤銷並由 IEC 60068-2-78:2001 取代）
• IEC 60068-2-4:1960 (ed2.0), Basic environmental testing procedures - Part 2-4: Tests - Test D: Accelerated damp test (已撤銷)
• IEC 60068-2-5:2010 (ed2.0), Environmental testing - Part 2-5: Tests - Test Sa: Simulated solar radiation at ground level and guidance for solar radiation testing
• IEC 60068-2-6:2007 (ed7.0), Environmental testing - Part 2-6: Tests - Test Fc: Vibration (sinusoidal)
• IEC 60068-2-7:1983 (ed2.0), Basic environmental testing procedures - Part 2-7: Tests - Test Ga and guidance: Acceleration, steady state)
• IEC 60068-2-8:1960 (ed2.0), Basic environmental testing procedures - Part 2-8: Tests - Test H: Storage (已撤銷)
• IEC 60068-2-9:1975 (ed1.0), Environmental testing - Part 2: Tests - Guidance for solar radiation testing (已撤銷並由 IEC 60068-2-5:2010 取代)
• IEC 60068-2-10:2005 (ed6.0), Environmental testing - Part 2: Tests - Test J and guidance - Mould growth
• IEC 60068-2-11:1964 (ed2.0), Basic environmental testing procedure for electronic components and electronic equipment - Part 2:Tests - Test Ka: Salt mist (已撤銷 )
• IEC 60068-2-13:1983 (ed4.0), Basic environmental testing procedures - Part 2-13: Tests - Test M: Low air pressure
• IEC 60068-2-14:2009 (ed6.0), Basic environmental testing procedures - Part 2-14: Tests - Test N: Change of temperature
• IEC 60068-2-17:1994 (ed4.0), Basic environmental testing procedures - Part 2-17: Tests - Test Q: Sealing
• IEC 60068-2-18:2000 (ed2.0), Environmental testing - Part 2-18: Tests - Test R and guidance: Water
• IEC 60068-2-20:2008 (ed5.0), Environmental testing - Part 2-20; Tests - Test T: Test methods for solder ability and resistance to soldering heat of devices with leads
• IEC 60068-2-21:2006 (ed6.0), Environmental testing - Part 2-21: Tests - Test U: Robustness of terminations and integral mounting devices
• IEC 60068-2-27:2008 (ed4.0), Environmental testing - Part 2-27: Tests - Test Ea and guidance: Shock
• IEC 60068-2-28:1968 (ed1.0), Environmental testing – Part 2-28: Guidance for Damp Heat tests (已撤銷)
• IEC 60068-2-29:1987 (ed2.0), Environmental testing – Part 2-29: Tests Eb: Bump (已撤銷)
• IEC 60068-2-30:2005, Environmental testing – Part 2-30: Tests Db: Damp heat, cyclic (12+12 hour cycles)
• IEC 60068-2-31:2008 (ed2.0), Environmental testing – Part 2-31: Tests Ec: Drop and topple, primarily for equipment-type specimens
• IEC 60068-2-32:1969 (ed1.0), Environmental testing – Part 2-32: Tests Ed: Free fall (已撤銷)
• IEC 60068-2-33:1971 (ed1.0), Environmental testing – Part 2-33: Guidance on change of temperature tests (已撤銷且由 IEC 60068-2-14:2009 取代)
• IEC 60068-2-34:1973 (ed1.0), Environmental testing – Part 2-34: Tests Fd: Random vibration wide band - General requirements (已撤銷且由 IEC 60068-2-64:1993 取代)
• IEC 60068-2-35:1973 (ed1.0), Environmental testing – Part 2-35: Tests Fda：Random vibration wide band - Reproducibility high (已撤銷且由 IEC 60068-2-64:1993 取代)
• IEC 60068-2-36:1973 (ed1.0), Environmental testing – Part 2-36: Tests Fdb: Random vibration wide band - Reproducibility medium (已撤銷且由 IEC 60068-2-64:1993 取代)
• IEC 60068-2-37:1973 (ed1.0), Environmental testing – Part 2-37: Tests Fdc: Random vibration wide band - Reproducibility low (已撤銷且由 IEC 60068-2-64:1993 取代)
• IEC 60068-2-38:2009 (ed2.0), Environmental testing – Part 2-38: Test Z/AD: Composite temperature/humidity cyclic test
• IEC 60068-2-39:2015 (ed2.0), Environmental testing – Part 2-39: Test Z/AMD: Combined sequential cold, low air pressure, and damp heat test
• IEC 60068-2-40:1976 (ed1.0), Environmental testing – Part 2-40: Test A/AM: Combined cold/low air pressure tests
• IEC 60068-2-41:1976 (ed1.0), Environmental testing – Part 2-41: Test Z/BM: Combined dry heat/low air pressure tests
• IEC 60068-2-42:2003 (ed3.0), Environmental Testing – Part 2-42: Test Kc: Sulphur Dioxide Test for Contacts and Connections
• IEC 60068-2-43:2003 (ed2.0), Environmental Testing – Part 2-43: Test Kd: Hydrogen Sulphide Test for Contacts and Connections
• IEC 60068-2-44:1995 (ed2.0), Environmental Testing – Part 2-44: Guidance on Test T: Soldering
• IEC 60068-2-45:1980 (ed1.0), Environmental testing – Part 2-45: Test XA and guidance: immersion in cleaning solvents
• IEC 60068-2-46:1982 (ed1.0), Environmental Testing – Part 2-46: Guidance on Test Kd: Hydrogen Sulphide Test for Contacts and Connections
• EC 60068-2-47:2005 (ed3.0), Environmental testing – Part 2-47: Mounting of components, equipment and other articles for dynamic tests including shock (Ea), bump (Eb), vibration (Fc and Fd) and steady-state acceleration (Ga) and guidance
• IEC 60068-2-48:1982 (ed1.0), Environmental Testing – Part 2-48: Guidance on the application of the tests of IEC publication 68 to simulate the effects of storage (已撤銷)
• IEC 60068-2-49:1983 (ed1.0), Environmental Testing – Part 2-49: Guidance to Test Kc：Sulphur Dioxide Test for Contacts and Connections
• IEC 60068-2-50:1983 (ed1.0), Environmental Testing – Part 2-50: Tests Z/AFc: Combined Cold/Vibration (Sinusoidal) Tests for Both Heat-dissipating and Non-heat-dissipating Specimens (已撤銷且由 IEC 60068-2-53:2010 取代)
• IEC 60068-2-51 (ed1.0), Environmental Testing – Part 2-51: Tests Z/BFc: Combined Dry Heat/Vibration (Sinusoidal) Tests for Both Heat-dissipating and Non-heat-dissipating Specimens (已撤銷且由 IEC 60068-2-53:2010 取代)
• IEC 60068-2-52:1996 (ed2.0), Environmental testing – Part 2-52: Test Kb: Salt mist, cyclic (sodium chloride solution)
• IEC 60068-2-53:2010 (ed2.0), Environmental testing – Part 2-53: Guidance to tests Z/AFc and Z/BFc: Combined temperature (cold and dry heat) and vibration (sinusoidal) Tests
• IEC 60068-2-54:2006 (ed2.0), Environmental Testing – Part 2-54: Test Ta: Soldering, Solderability Testing by the Wetting Balance Method
• IEC 60068-2-55:2013 (ed2.0), Environmental testing – Part 2-55: Test Ee and guidance: bounce
• IEC 60068-2-56:1988 (ed1.0) Environmental Testing – Part 2-56: Test Cb: Damp Heat, Steady-state, Primarily for Equipment (已撤銷且由 IEC 60068-2-78:2001 取代)
• IEC 60068-2-57:2013 (ed3.0), Environmental testing – Part 2-57: Test Ff: Vibration - Time history method
• IEC 60068-2-58:2015 (ed4.0), Environmental testing – Part 2-58: Test Td: Solderability, resistance to dissolution of metallization and to soldering heat of surface mounting devices (SMD)
• IEC 60068-2-59:1990 (ed1.0) Environmental testing – Part 2-59: Test Ff: Vibration - Sine-beat method (已撤銷)
• IEC 60068-2-60:2015 (ed3.0) Environmental testing – Part 2-60: Test Ke: Corrosion tests in artificial atmosphere at very low concentration of polluting gas(es)
• IEC 60068-2-61:1991 (ed1.0), Environmental testing – Part 2-61: Test Z/ABDM: Climate sequence
• IEC 60068-2-62:1991 (ed1.0), Environmental testing – Part 2-62: Test Ef: Impact pendulum hammer (已撤銷且由 IEC 60068-2-75 取代)
• IEC 60068-2-63:1991 (1.0), Environmental testing – Part 2-63: Test Eg: Impact, spring hammer (已撤銷且由 IEC 60068-2-75:1997 取代)
• IEC 60068-2-64:2008 (ed2.0), Environmental testing – Part 2-64: Test Fh: Vibration, broadband random and guidance
• IEC 60068-2-65:2013 (ed2.0), Environmental testing – Part 2-65: Test Tg: Vibration, acoustically induced
• IEC 60068-2-66:1994 (ed1.0), Environmental testing – Part 2-66: Test Cx: Damp heat, steady state (Unsaturated pressurized vapor)
• IEC 60068-2-67:1995 (ed1.0), Environmental testing – Part 2-67: Test Cy: Damp heat, steady state, accelerated test primary intended for components
• IEC 60068-2-68:1994 (ed1.0), Environmental testing – Part 2-68: Test L: Dust and sand
• IEC 60068-2-69:2007 (ed2.0), Environmental testing - Part 2:69: Tests - Test Te: Solderability testing of electronic components for surface mounting devices (SMD) by the wetting balance method.
• IEC 60068-2-70:1995 (ed1.0), Environmental testing – Part 2-70: Test Xb: Abrasion of marking and lettering caused by rubbing of fingers and hands
• EC 60068-2-74:1999 (ed1.0), Environmental testing – Part 2-74: Text Xc: Fluid contamination
• IEC 60068-2-75:2014 (ed2.0), Environmental testing – Part 2-75: Test Eh: Hammer tests
• IEC 60068-2-78:2012 (ed2.0), Environmental testing – Part 2-78: Test Cab: Damp heat, steady state
• IEC 60068-2-80:2005 (ed1.0), Environmental testing – Part 2-80: Test Fi: Vibration – mixed mode
• IEC 60068-2-81:2003 (ed1.0), Environmental testing – Part 2-81: Test Ei: Shock – Shock response spectrum synthesis
• IEC 60068-2-82:2007 (ed1.0), Environmental testing - Part 2-82: Tests - Test Tx: Whisker test methods for electronic and electric components
• IEC 60068-3-1:2011 (ed2.0), Environmental testing - Part 3-1: Supporting documentation and guidance - Cold and dry heat tests
• IEC 60068-3-2:1976 (ed1.0), Basic environmental testing procedures - Part 3-2: Background information - Combined temperature/low air pressure tests
• IEC 60068-3-3:1991 (ed1.0) Environmental testing - Part 3-3: Guidance - Seismic test methods for equipments
• IEC 60068-3-4:2001 (ed1.0), Environmental testing - Part 3-4: Supporting documentation and guidance - Damp heat tests
• IEC 60068-3-5:2001 (ed1.0), Environmental testing - Part 3-5: Supporting documentation and guidance - Confirmation of the performance of temperature chambers
• IEC 60068-3-6:2001 (ed1.0), Environmental testing - Part 3-6: Supporting documentation and guidance - Confirmation of the performance of temperature/humidity chambers
• IEC 60068-3-7:2001 (ed1.0), Environmental testing - Part 3-7: Supporting documentation and guidance - Measurements in temperature chambers for tests A and B (with load)
• IEC 60068-3-8:2003 (ed1.0), Environmental testing - Part 3-8: Supporting documentation and guidance - Selecting amongst vibration tests
• IEC 60068-3-11:2007 (ed1.0), Environmental testing - Part 3-11: Supporting documentation and guidance - Calculation of uncertainty of conditions in climatic test chambers
• IEC 60068-4:1987 (ed1.0), Environmental testing – Part 4: Information for specification writers - Test summaries (已撤銷)
• IEC 60068-5-1:1991 (ed1.0), Environmental testing Part 5-1：Guidance to drafting of test method – General principles (已撤銷)
• IEC 60068-5-2:1990 (ed1.0), Environmental testing - Part 5-2: Guide to drafting of test methods - Terms and definitions
  

國際電工委員會 IEC/TC 104 技術委員會擬訂 IEC ˊ60721、IEC 60068 系列清單官方網站：
https://webstore.iec.ch/searchform&ComNumber=104#