使用性有 5E:效果 (effective)、效率 (efficiency)、容誤 (error tolerant)、配合 (egaging)、容易學習 (easy to learn)。
介面設計使用性五項原則:使用容易 (easy to use)、使用效率 (efficiency of use)、易記性 (memorability)、致命性誤差少或沒有 (few and non catastrophic errors)、主觀滿意度 (subjective satisfaction)。
2007 年醫療器材系列國際標準開始強調與討論人機介面所衍生的使用性議題,國際電工委員 (IEC) 發行的 IEC 62366:2007 對醫療器材使用性相關名詞與定義摘述如下:
使用性 (usability):Characteristic of the user interface that establishes effectiveness, efficiency, ease of user learning and user satisfaction.
使用性工程 (usabilitly engineering):Application of knowledge about human behavior, abilities, limitations, and other characteristics related to the design of tools, devices, systems, tasks, jobs, and environments to achieve adequate usability.
使用性工程檔案 (usability engineering file):Set of records and other documents that are produced by the usability engineering process.
使用性規格 (usability specification):Documentation defining the user interface requirements related to usability.
使用誤差 (use error):Act or omission of an act that results in a different device response than intended by the manufacturer or expected by the user. NOTE 1 to entry: Use error includes slips, lapses, and mistakes.
Usability 的定義:
A set of attributes that bear on the effort needed for use, and on the individual assessment of such use, by a stated or implied set of users. (ISO 9126:1991, Software product evaluation - Quality characteristics and guidelines for their use.)
The extent to which a product can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction in a specified context of use. (ISO 9241-11:1998, Guidance on usability.)
The capability of the software product to be understood, learned, used and attractive to the user, when used under specified conditions. (ISO 9126-1:2001, Software engineering - Part 1: Quality model.)
使用性主要討論人機介面,是最終產品或成品 (end item or end product) 必須具備的產品特性。使用介面定義模糊或使用困難,
使用性工程過程 (usability engineering process)
第一步:瞭解使用者需要 (understand the user's needs)
第二步:精進與複習 (refinement and iteration)
第三步:驗證與查證 (verification and validation)
UX: User Experience
Usefulness = Utility + Usability
使用性試驗報告:ISO 14598
使用性相關標準
ISO 6385:1981, Ergonomic principles in the design of work systems
ISO 10075:1991, Ergonomic principles related to mental work-load - General terms and definitions
ISO 10075-2:1996, Ergonomic principles related to mental work-load - Part 2: Design principles
ISO 9241-11:1998 (ed1.0), Ergonomics requirements for office work with vidual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 11: Guidance on usability
ISO 11064-3:1999, Ergonomic design of control centres - Part 3: Control room layout
ISO 13406-1:1999, Ergonomic requirements for work with visual displays based on flat panels - Part 1: Introduction
ISO 13407:1999, Human-centred design processes for interaction systems
ISO 11064-1:2000, Ergonomic design of control centres - Part 1: Prinicples for the design of control centres
ISO 11064-2:2000, Ergonomic design of control centres - Part 2: Principles for the arrangement of control centres
ISO 18529:2000, Ergonomics - Ergonomics of human-system interaction - Human-centred lifecycle process descriptions
ISO/IEC 11581-1:2000, Information technology - User system interfaces and symbols - Icon symbols and functions - Part 1: Icons - General
ISO/IEC 11581-2:2000, Information technology - User system interface and symbols - Icon symbols and functions - Part 2: Object icons
ISO 13406-2:2001, Ergonomic requirements for work with visual displays based on flat panels - Part 2: Ergonomic requirements for flat panel displays
ISO/IEC 9126:2001, Software engineering - Product quality - Part 1: Quality model
ISO 14915-1:2002, Software ergonomics for multimedia user interfaces - Part 1: Design principles and framework
ISO 14915-2:2002, Software ergonomics for multimedia user interfaces - Part 3: Media selection and combination
ISO/IEC 25062:2006, Software engineering - Software product Qulaity Requirement and Evaluation (SQuaRE) - Common Industry Format (CIF) for usability test reports
IEC 62366:2007 (ed1.0), Medical devices - Application of usability engineering to medical devices
ISO/IEC/TR 25062:2010, Systems and software engineering - Systems and software product Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) - Common Industry Formt (CIF) for usability: General framework for usability-related information
ISO/IEC 25064:2013, Systems and softare engineering - Software product Quality Requirements and Evalulation (SQuaRE) - Common Industry Format (CIF) for usability: User needs report
ISO/IEC 25063:2014, Systems and softare engineering - Systems and softare product Quality Requirement and Evaluation (SQuaRE) - Common Industry Format (CIF) for usability: Context of user description
IEC 62366-1:2015 (ed1.0), Medical devices - Part 1: Application of usability engineering to medical devices
ISO/IEC 25066:2016, Systems and software engineering - Systems and software Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) - Common Industry Format (CIF) for Usability - Evaluation Report
ISO 9241-11:2017 (ed2.0), Ergonomics of human-system interaction - Part 11: Usability: Definitions and concepts